Biomaterials, Biomaterial science - definitions

Biomaterials, Biomaterial science - definitions

Posted by Eng.HaMeD Alanazi on Friday, December 13, 2013

 Materials used to safely replace or interact with biological systems

Vorlesungsunterlagen: IGB Homepage,

Education, Biomaterials

Recommended literature:

“Biomaterials, an introduction” J. Park and R.S. Lakes 2007

Springer Science

and

“ Biomaterials Science ” BD. Rafner 2004 Elsevier Academic Press

(available from the TUG-Bib in e-version)

A very short history of biomaterials

The Romans, Chinese, and

Aztec used gold in dentistry

more than 2000 years ago.

Glass eyes and wooden teeth

have been used trough much

of the recorded history.

Synthetic plastics became available at the turn of last

century.

PMMA (Polymethyl methacrylate) was intoduced in

dentistry in 1937.

Experiments with parachute cloth (Vinyon N) as vascular

prosthesis after world war II.

In the early 1960s total hip replacement made of PMMA,

ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyurethan, and stainless steel.

Notable Developments Relating to Implants

إضافة تسمية توضيحية

Various implants and devices for replacement or enhancement

إضافة تسمية توضيحية

Biomaterial science - definitions

Biomaterial — A biomaterial is a nonviable material used in a

(medical) device intended to interact with biological systems

(Williams 1987).

Biocompatibility — Thof a material to perform with an

appropriate host response in a specific application (Williams 1987).

Host Response — The response of the host organism (local and systemic) to the implanted material or device.

إضافة تسمية توضيحية

Examples of biomaterial applications (USA)

Substitute heart valves (45,000/year

 Artifical hips(90,000/year

 Dental implants(275,000/year

 Intraocular lenses(1.4 millions/year

Examples of biomaterial applications  USA 

إضافة تسمية توضيحية

Many materials are used in USA

إضافة تسمية توضيحية